FESTIVAL BIKA: ŽRTVOVANJE BIKA, LETNJI I SVETI PRAZNIK NA MITILENI/LEZBOS: AGIA PARASKEVI OKO LETNJEG SOLSTICIJA 1992.
Кључне речи:
Grčka, drevno i moderno, religijski festival, životinjska žrtva, zvanična i popularna vera, identiteti, migracija, hodočašćeСажетак
Liturgijski festival posvećen Agios (odnosno, Svetom) Haralampiju, zaštitniku stočara, slavi se na godišnjem nivou, u sezoni parenja konja, tako da svetitelj može da obezbedi plodnost konja. Pošto se od njega takođe očekuje da obezbedi uspeh žetve, slavi se i kasnije u toku godine popularnim seoskim festivalom u selu Agia Paraskevi, gde žrtvovanje bika predstavlja vrhunac festivala. Procesija pročišćavanja je takođe važna: u Agia Paraskevi se žrtveni bik vodi kroz selo. Ali, sledeća procesija ukazuje na transfer iz kulture (selo) u prirodu (Planina Bika, odnosno, Tauros). Ovde, na vrhu Taurosa, obavlja se klanje bika koji treba da obezbedi plodnost, nakon što je životinja blagosiljana od strane lokalnog sveštenika koji stoji na stepeništu crkve. U skladu sa tim, festival predstavlja ritual koji neki zvaničnici Grčke pravoslavne crkve i dalje smatraju paganskim. Sa druge strane, festival se nalazi u okviru verskog i kosmološkog konteksta pravoslavne crkve i u velikoj meri koristi pravoslavnu simboliku, veru i ritualnu praksu. Žrtvovani bik koji se konzumira kao javni obed, kesketsi, posvećuje se od strane emigranta. On predstavlja grupu ljudi koja se uvek vraća kući na selo u periodu godišnjeg slavljenja sveca. To je razlog što ne postoji fiksni datum festivala, već se samo zna da se slavi u doba žetve. 1992. godine je odložen do svršetka školske godine u Južnoj Africi gde se naselio veliki broj ljudi iz sela. Na ovom festivalu, posvećenom preminulom hrišćanskom svetitelju, konji i konjske trke su važni elementi, naro- čito za mlade, a festival se zaključuje velikom zajedničkom gozbom, gde celo selo učestvuje. Različiti učesnici u svetkovini često imaju potpuno različite razloge za učestvovanje u festivalu. Praznik postaje popularno okupljanje gde sve aktivnosti koje se izvode obnavljaju i potvrđuju veze koje predstavljaju seosko jedinstvo. Na festivalu se takođe susrećemo sa spregom ’’grčkosti’’ i pravoslavlja kroz ideju da je Grčki oslobodilački rat bio po božjoj volji pošto se, prema lokalnoj legendi, svetac pojavio na planini Tauros pred izbijanje rata. Nakon ovog čudesnog prikazivanja, festival se godišnje obeležava od 1774. godine, a sve aktivnosti cirkulišu oko religijskog aspekta kulta. Članak ima za cilj da istraži vezu između zvanične i popularne vere u okviru svetkovine, razmatrajući i neka od mnogih značenja i aktivnosti koje čine festival.
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